Escort Patterns in Dual-Worker Households with Students

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States

2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Individuals have been regarded as independent decision makers in majority of transportation analysis. However, agents’ behaviors are usually affected by the interactions among the members in a group; and therefore, individual decision-making paradigms may result in unrealistic outcomes and erroneous interpretations of the results. In light of this, the present study develops discrete choice models in individual and group levels and compares their prediction power in predicting the choice of escort pattern in dual-worker households with at least one under-18-year-old student. The main purpose is to reveal the efficiency of each approach in analyzing parent-child joint activities and highlight the effect of model misspecification in predicting group decisions using a quantifiable measure. The results reveal that more than 25 percent of correct predictions in school trips will be missed when the conventional individual decision-making procedure, rather than a group decision-making paradigm, is adopted. Also, 20 percent of the observed reduction in the explanatory power of the model was associated with trips from school. The findings of this study underscore the significance of implementing group decision-making paradigms when the context requires.

Highlights

Google Scholar

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]     D. Badoe, "Modelling work-trip mode choice decisions in two-worker households," Transportation planning and technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 49-73, 2002.
[2]     K. J. Clifton, "Independent mobility among teenagers: exploration of travel to after-school activities," Transportation Research Record, vol. 1854, no. 1, pp. 74-80, 2003.
[3]     H. Timmermans, A. Borgers, J. van Dijk, and H. Oppewal, "Residential choice behaviour of dual earner households: a decompositional joint choice model," Environment and Planning A, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 517-533, 1992.
[4]     A. Borgers and H. Timmermans, "Transport facilities and residential choice behavior: A model of multi-person choice processes," Papers in regional science, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 45-61, 1993.
[5]     J. P. Gliebe and F. S. Koppelman, "A model of joint activity participation between household members," Transportation, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 49-72, 2002.
[6]     J. P. Gliebe and F. S. Koppelman, "Modeling household activity–travel interactions as parallel constrained choices," Transportation, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 449-471, 2005.
[7]     L. P. Kostyniuk and R. Kitamura, "An empirical investigation of household time space paths," Recent advances in travel demand analysis, pp. 266-289, 1983.
[8]     C. R. Bhat, "A model of post home-arrival activity participation behavior," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 387-400, 1998.
[9]     P. M. Jones, M. C. Dix, M. I. Clarke, and I. G. Heggie, Understanding travel behaviour (no. Monograph). 1983.
[10]    D. A. Niemeier and J. G. Morita, "Duration of trip-making activities by men and women," Transportation, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 353-371, 1996.
[11]    K. K. Srinivasan and S. R. Athuru, "Analysis of within-household effects and between-household differences in maintenance activity allocation," Transportation, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 495-521, 2005.
[12]    C. R. Bhat and R. M. Pendyala, "Modeling intra-household interactions and group decision-making," Transportation, vol. 32, no. 5, p. 443, 2005.
[13]    H. J. Timmermans and J. Zhang, "Modeling household activity travel behavior: Examples of state of the art modeling approaches and research agenda," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 187-190, 2009.
[14]    D. Deka, "An explanation of the relationship between adults’ work trip mode and children’s school trip mode through the Heckman approach," Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 31, pp. 54-63, 2013.
[15]    A. K. Yarlagadda and S. Srinivasan, "Modeling children’s school travel mode and parental escort decisions," Transportation, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 201-218, 2008.
[16]    A. Weiss and K. N. Habib, "A generalized parallel constrained choice model for intra-household escort decision of high school students," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 114, pp. 26-38, 2018.
[17]    M. Irfan, A. N. Khurshid, M. B. Khurshid, Y. Ali, and A. Khattak, "Policy implications of work-trip mode choice using econometric modeling," Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, vol. 144, no. 8, p. 04018035, 2018.
[18]    R. W. McQuaid, "A model of the travel to work limits of parents," Research in Transportation Economics, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 19-28, 2009.
[19]    P. Vovsha and E. Petersen, "Escorting children to school: statistical analysis and applied modeling approach," Transportation Research Record, vol. 1921, no. 1, pp. 131-140, 2005.
[20]    T. Schwanen, "Gender differences in chauffeuring children among dual-earner families," The Professional Geographer, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 447-462, 2007.
[21]    N. C. McDonald and A. E. Aalborg, "Why parents drive children to school: implications for safe routes to school programs," Journal of the American planning association, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 331-342, 2009.
[22]    S. Y. Yoon, M. Doudnikoff, and K. G. Goulias, "Spatial analysis of propensity to escort children to school in southern California," Transportation research record, vol. 2230, no. 1, pp. 132-142, 2011.
[23]    S. Y. He, "Will you escort your child to school? The effect of spatial and temporal constraints of parental employment," Applied Geography, vol. 42, pp. 116-123, 2013.
[24]    S. Gupta, P. S. Vovsha, V. Livshits, P. Maneva, and K. Jeon, "Incorporation of escorting children to school in modeling individual daily activity patterns of household members," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2429, no. 1, pp. 20-29, 2014.
[25]    L. Gang, "A behavioral model of work-trip mode choice in Shanghai," China Economic Review, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 456-476, 2007.
[26]    K. M. N. Habib, N. Day, and E. J. Miller, "An investigation of commuting trip timing and mode choice in the Greater Toronto Area: Application of a joint discrete-continuous model," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 639-653, 2009.
[27]    N. P. Belz and B. H. Lee, "Composition of vehicle occupancy for journey-to-work trips: evidence of ridesharing from 2009 National Household Travel Survey Vermont Add-On Sample," Transportation research record, vol. 2322, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2012.
[28]    K. M. N. Habib, "Modeling commuting mode choice jointly with work start time and work duration," Transportation research part A: Policy and practice, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 33-47, 2012.
[29]    J. Panter, C. Desousa, and D. Ogilvie, "Incorporating walking or cycling into car journeys to and from work: the role of individual, workplace and environmental characteristics," Preventive medicine, vol. 56, no. 3-4, pp. 211-217, 2013.
[30]    E. Almasri and S. Alraee, "Factors affecting mode choice of work trips in developing cities—Gaza as a case study," Journal of Transportation Technologies, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 247-259, 2013.
[31]    T. Tushara, P. Rajalakshmi, and I. K. Bino, "Mode Choice Modelling For Work Trips in Calicut City," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN, pp. 2278-3075, 2013.
[32]    P. van der Waerden, A. Lem, and W. Schaefer, "Investigation of factors that stimulate car drivers to change from car to carpooling in city center oriented work trips," Transportation research procedia, vol. 10, pp. 335-344, 2015.
[33]    D. McFadden, "Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior," 1973.
[34]    D. McFadden, "Modeling the choice of residential location," Transportation Research Record, no. 673, 1978.
[35]    J. G. Strathman and K. J. Dueker, "Understanding trip chaining," Special reports on trip and vehicle attributes, pp. 1-1, 1990.
[36]    M. Mauch and B. D. Taylor, "Gender, race, and travel behavior: Analysis of household-serving travel and commuting in San Francisco bay area," Transportation Research Record, vol. 1607, no. 1, pp. 147-153, 1997.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 November 2020
  • Revise Date: 17 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 18 January 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics